Exploring the Chinese Distribution Strategy for Gallo

According to China Research and Intelligence (2010), distribution channels are still the key factor to success. Since the Chinese and Hong Kong markets show a slight preference for on-trade channels, especially concerning exclusive products such as wine, E&J Gallo Rose concentrates on them (China Research and Intelligence, 2010). According to Hollensen (2011), given that Gallo Rose is a high quality product selective distribution would be the appropriate form of distribution as Gallo Rose would be targeting a specific market. Gallo would depend on Chinese and Hong Kong wholesalers to distribute the wine to hotels and supermarkets, preferably those whom the competitors are not currently using. Therefore, a range of intermediaries has to be chosen carefully: mid to high price restaurants offering Western food, international pubs and lounges build a trading base. Once the wine is established, cooperation with high class Chinese and Hong Kong establishments could be considered. However, a presence in high segment supermarkets will be obligatory to make the product accessible. Jenster and Cheng (2008) stress the rise of other off-trade channels, such as specialty wine stores and online wine-sites. The former is particularly important for new Chinese wine drinkers. The latter will be a part of Gallo’s distribution chain as soon as it reaches a higher market share. As outlined by Bretherton and Carswell (2001), the Chinese distribution system is improving slowly. To set up in Hong Kong and coastal areas of China is relatively easy, as the infrastructure is excellent. Direct exports with the support of an executive office are sufficient. Nonetheless, further expansion will conflict with trade barriers and local protectionism. Areas have to be treated separately and high transaction costs are necessary to build own distribution channels. However, the advantages of higher reliance and lower control costs are obvious. Import taxes in China are lowered according to WTO agreements (9), but still 14% (Yu and Sun et al, 2009) plus value-added and consumption tax. On the other hand, Hong Kong tries to create a wine trading hub with the exemption of import taxes since 2008 (Winechina. com, 2010).

Health and Safety Requirements and Hydrogen

Hydrogen production by methane-steam formation posses great challenges of hundreds of hazards related to its employees, as well, as machineries. The paper will try to identify and analyze different hazards and risks that are associated with the production of hydrogen element through methane steam formation. Moreover, the paper will present implications and measures for the safety of the machineries, as well as, employees working in these production facilities. In the methane storage, it has been observed that the storage tank often breaks up and cracks can be observed in the tank, which may expose methane steam resulting in the environmental risk. In this regard, an effective step that can overcome this problem is the designing of drainage systems can tolerate total capacity of the tank, which may reduce the leftover in the environment. Sometimes, storage tank of the methane catches up fire, which is a very dangerous hazard for the employees that are working in the surrounding environment, as well as, for the machineries and equipments that are built at the location. In this regard, designing of the tank should be created in such a way that fire exposure may be tolerated for at least two hours, which may allow the rescue and fire brigade services to overcome the fire problem. (NRC, pp. 40-42, 2003) Secondly, such production facilities should be employed with flame arrestor that may help in identifying flame at the beginning. Moreover, storage tanks must have double walls, which may result in avoidance of their cracking, as well as, avoid the risks of any fire in the tank. Thirdly, MSR Unit during the production of hydrogen with the help of methane steam forming confronts leakage of methane or water that reacts with the hot oil system built in the vaporizer. In the result, materials and equipments are damaged with the confrontation of methane with the hot oil, which may result in heavy losses of the equipments, and burning risks for the employees. In this regard, quantity of the water, as well as, methane should be checked at regular intervals. In addition, quality of these compounds should also be verified by the experts that may help in the reduction of such risk during the production of hydrogen. Lastly, atmosphere confronts leakage of different gases like H2, CO, CO2, etc. during the production of hydrogen, which may result in the exposure of toxicity with the employees and workers in the installation facilities. Some of the major hazards of these gases leakage are fire, burning, environmental hazards, health risks, etc. In this regard, the abovementioned is one of the most dangerous hazards that are linked with the production of hydrogen. In extreme cases, such leakages end up in explosions that may cause human lives. Such extreme cases have been noted in the plants that are built under a container. Therefore, it should be noted that segmentation valve should be built in isolation, and away from the other processes of the hydrogen production. Different equipments should be built for the detection of gases leakage, especially the CO leakage that plays the major role in the adverse effects. Furthermore, depressurization process should be performed at a faster pace, which may take less time, and result in the less risks. (ICE, pp. 23-25, 2006) During the hydrogen production by the reformation of methane, it has been observed that reformers are often exposed with ruptures due to the development of a hotspot in the tubes of reformers. One of the major reasons of development of a hotspot is the catalyst of reformer that is deactivated due to the poisoning by methane element. Such ruptures and breakages result in the damages of equipments, materials, and the environment. Such breakage is often observed in the production unit of such procedure. After the detailed analysis of safety requirements in such process, it has been observed that supplier of the methane should be provided with complete requirements of the compound in terms of its quality. Secondly, upstream reformer should be pre-reformed in this production unit, which may result in the reduction of chances of development of any hotspots in the reformers. (Johansson, pp. 56-58, 1993) Another risk that has been associated with the production of hydrogen with the methane steam formation is the leakage of flammable gases that causes human lives, as well as, damages of the equipments in the facilities. Such hazards become extreme when the plant is manufactured in the container, which results in the more adverse effects. In this regard, safety-related bodies have advised that equipments for the detection of gas leakages should be installed at the production plant. Such equipments help in the opening of ventilations during emergencies, as well as, close the segmentation valves automatically. Thus, these detection products play a crucial role in saving human lives and damage losses of the machineries. Secondly, it should be noted that segmentation valves are built outside the container, in order to acquire ventilation naturally, as it has been observed that the valves built inside the container are more vulnerable to the abovementioned hazards. Fletcher, pp. 68-70, 1998) Moreover, installation area should be cordoned off at the time of unloading of the methane from the truck, and only required personnel should stay at the location, which may result in the risk of less number of human lives. Furthermore, external impact can be avoided by the accurate designing of filling hose, which may result in the ad verse results. In addition, it should be taken into consideration that rupture valves should be checked on a regular basis. It should be noted that a warning system in case of any exposure should be evaluated by the production facilities at regular intervals. All these steps and measures can result in the reduction and elimination of hazards and risks that are associated with the production of hydrogen with the utilization of methane compound. During the production of hydrogen with the utilization of methane steam formation, the experiments have shown that when the storage tank is filled with methane, toxic heavy gas is exposed in the surroundings due to leak in the filling hose of methane compound. This leakage does not occur every time, but it poses great hazards for the employees working in this processing unit. It has been observed that employees working around these installations often end up in adverse health, and awful death in extreme cases. In this regard, some of the measures that can be taken for avoiding this hazard during the compound filling from the truck are that pressurized methane compound should be avoided at the time of its transportation, and refrigerated liquefied compound should be used that may poses less risk of any toxic exposure in the surroundings. (Vincoli, pp. 44-47, 1997) Sometimes, faults of valves or humans effects the ruptures in the pipe due to the pressure explosion during the production. Such effects results in the damages of equipments, as well as, workers that are employed in the surroundings. In this regard, appropriate material should be selected for the manufacturing of production plant, which may reduce the risks. Secondly, designing of the steam and cooler should be improved with the help of detailed analysis. Moreover, requirements of control system should be provided to the suppliers in details according to the regulations that may help in the effective production of hydrogen with fewer chances of hazardous risks. (OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, pp. 55-57, 2001) Conclusion Conclusively, significant hazards and risks associated with the production of hydrogen by the utilization of methane steam formation have been identified, discussed, and analyzed in this paper. In addition, safety requirements that should be imposed against the discussed hazards have been provided in the paper. More information can be attained by performing detailed analysis of these risks. Some of the common hazards that have been noted in the hydrogen production through methane steam formation are gas leakages due to high pressures and different ruptures in the equipments and machineries. In this regard, manufacturers of the hydrogen-producing machineries confront great challenges in terms of the discussed hazards in this paper. Lastly, further research is required in the subject that may facilitate the hydrogen producers in overcoming and reduction of the hazards and risks associated with the production of hydrogen. It is hoped that the paper will be beneficial for students, teachers, and professionals in the better understanding of hazards associated with the hydrogen production through methane steam formation, as well as, safety requirements and implications that have been advised by the safety-related organizations.

A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning Essay Example for Free

A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning Essay ? I have been searching for many years for the Holy Grail of interactive learning, a distinction between collaborative and cooperative learning definitions. I am getting closer to my elusive goal all the time but I am still not completely satisfied with my perception of the two concepts. I believe my confusion arises when I look at processes associated with each concept and see some overlap or inter-concept usage. I will make a humble attempt to clarify this question by presenting my definitions and reviewing those of other authors who have helped clarify my thinking. Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle whereas cooperation is a structure of interaction designed to facilitate the accomplishment of an end product or goal. Collaborative learning (CL) is a personal philosophy, not just a classroom technique. In all situations where people come together in groups, it suggests a way of dealing with people which respects and highlights individual group members’ abilities and contributions. There is a sharing of authority and acceptance of responsibility among group members for the groups actions. The underlying premise of collaborative learning is based upon consensus building through cooperation by group members, in contrast to competition in which individuals best other group members. CL practitioners apply this philosophy in the classroom, at committee meetings, with community groups, within their families and generally as a way of living with and dealing with other people. Cooperative learning is defined by a set of processes which help people interact together in order to accomplish a specific goal or develop an end product which is usually content specific. It is more directive than a collaboratve system of governance and closely controlled by the teacher. While there are many mechanisms for group analysis and introspection the fundamental approach is teacher centered whereas collaborative learning is more student centered. Spencer Kagan in an article in Educational Leadership (Dec/Jan 1989/1990) provides an excellent definition of cooperative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. His definition provides an unbrella for the work cooperative learning specialists including he Johnsons, Slavin, Cooper, Graves and Graves, Millis, etc. It follows below: â€Å"The structural approach to cooperative learning is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures, or content-free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. Structures usually involve a series of steps, with proscribed behavior at each step. An important cornerstone of the approach is the distinction bet ween â€Å"structures† and â€Å"activities†. â€Å"To illustrate, teachers can design many excellent cooperative activities, such as making a team mural or a quilt. Such activities almost always have a specific content-bound objective and thus cannot be used to deliver a range of academic content. Structures may be used repeatedly with almost any subject matter, at a wide range of grade levels and at various points in a lesson plan. † John Myers (Cooperative Learning vol 11 #4 July 1991) points out that the dictionary definitions of â€Å"collaboration†, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of working together; the root word for â€Å"cooperation† stresses the product of such work. Co-operative learning has largely American roots from the philosophical writings of John Dewey stressing the social nature of learning and the work on group dynamics by Kurt Lewin. Collaborative learning has British roots, based on the work of English teachers exploring ways to help students respond to literature by taking a more active role in their own learning. The cooperative learning tradition tends to use quantitative methods which look at achievement: i. e. , the product of learning. The collaborative tradition takes a more qualitative approach, analyzing student talk in response to a piece of literature or a primary source in history. Myers points out some differences between the two concepts: â€Å"Supporters of co-operative learning tend to be more teacher-centered, for example when forming heterogeneous groups, structuring positive inter- dependence, and teaching co-operative skills. Collaborative learning advocates distrust structure and allow students more say if forming friendhip and interest groups. Student talk is stressed as a means for working things out. Discovery and contextural approaches are used to teach interpersonal skills. † â€Å"Such differences can lead to disagreements†¦. I contend the dispute is not about research, but more about the morality of what should happen in the schools. Beliefs as to whast should happen in the schools can be viewed as a continuum of orientations toward curriculum from â€Å"transmission† to â€Å"transaction† to â€Å"transmission†. At one end is the transmission position. As the name suggests, the aim of this orientation is to transmit knowledge to students in the form of facts, skills and values. The transformation position at the other end of the continuum stresses personal and social change in which the person is said to be interrelated with the environment rather than having control over it. The aim of this orientation is self-actualization, personal or organizational change. † Rocky Rockwood (National Teaching and Learning Forum vol 4 #6, 1995 part 1) describes the differences by acknowledging the parallels they both have in that they both use groups, both assign specific tasks, and both have the groups share and compare their procedures and conclusions in plenary class sessions. The major difference lies in the fact that cooperative deals exclusively with traditional (canonical) knowledge while collaborative ties into the social constructivist movement, asserting that both knowledge and authority of knowledge have changed dramatically in the last century. â€Å"The result has been a transition from â€Å"foundational (cognitive) understanding of knowledge†, to a nonfoundational ground where â€Å"we understand knowledge to be a social construct and learning a social process† (Brufee, Collaborative learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge, 1993). Rockwood states: â€Å"In the ideal collaborative environment, the authority for testing and determining the appropriateness of the group product rests with, first, the small group, second, the plenary group (the whole class) and finally (but always understood to be subject to challenge and revision) the requisite knowledge community (i. e. the discipline: geography, history, biology etc. ) The concept of non- foundational knowledge challenges not only the product acquired, but also the process employed in the acquisition of foundational knowledge. â€Å"Most importantly, in cooperative, the authority remains with the instructor, who retains ownership of the task, which involves either a closed or a closable (that is to say foundational) problem ( the instructor knows or can predict the answer). In collaborative, the instructor–once the task is set– transfers all authority to the group. In the ideal, the group’s task is always open ended. † â€Å"Seen fr om this perspective, cooperative does not empower students. It employs them to serve the instructor’s ends and produces a â€Å"right† or acceptable answer. Collaborative does truly empower and braves all the risks of empowerment (for example, having the group or class agree to an embarrassingly simplistic or unconvincing position or produce a solution in conflict with the instructor’s). † â€Å"Every person, Brufee holds, belongs to several â€Å"interpretative or knowledge communities† that share vocabularies, points of view, histories, values, conventions and interests. The job of the instructor id to help students learn to negotiate the boundaries between the communities they already belong to and the community represented by the teacher’s academic discipline, which the students want to join. Every knowledge community has a core of foundational knowledge that its members consider as given (but not necessarily absolute). To function independently within a knowledge community, the fledgling scholar must master enough material to become conversant with the community. † Rockwood concludes: In my teaching experience, cooperative represents the best means to approach mastery of foundational knowledge. Once students become reasonably conversant, they are ready for collaborative, ready to discuss and assess,†¦. † Myers suggests use of the â€Å"transaction† orientation as a compromise between taking hard positions advocating either methodology. â€Å"This orientation views education as a dialogue between the student and the curriculum. Students are viewed as problem solvers. Problem solving and inquiry approaches stressing cognitive skills and the ideas of Vygotsky, Piaget, Kohlberg and Bruner are linked to transaction. This perspective views teaching as a â€Å"conversation† in which teachers and students learn together through a process of negotiation with the curriculum to develop a shared view of the world. † It is clear to me that in undertaking the exercize of defining differences between the two ideas we run the risk of polarizing the educational community into a we versus them mentality. There are so many benefits which acrue from both ideas that it would be a shame to lose any advantage gained from the student-student-teacher interactions created by both methods. We must be careful to avoid a one-size-fits-all mentality when it comes to education paradigms. As a final thought, I think it behooves teachers to educate themselves about the myriad of techniques and philosophies which create interactive environments where students take more responsibility for their own learning and that of their peers. Then it will become possible to pick and chose those methods which best fit a particular educational goal or community of learners. A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning. (2017, Mar 13).

Human Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Right - Essay Example Values, such as freedom, equality and human dignity, are relevant to all societies and all times, but differ in their forms of manifestation and their roles in society. The term 'human rights' was born of Western cultural and historical traditions, but with the passage of time it has transcended the Western cultural boundary and become a universal symbol of human values. As a concentrated expression of diverse positive values, human rights enjoy unprecedented popularity today. However, each nation or culture has its own system and ways to achieve these values. People have different understandings of what human rights entail and what the approaches are to achieve them. These differences call for international cooperation and coordinated efforts of nations to promote human rights the world over. "Dialogue on human rights is a sensible means to surmount differences and reach consensuses." (Yunlong, 2006) During the last two years, one major 'human right' issue of conflict; was that of the Lebanese-Israeli conflict which initiated on July 12, 2006 .It had ignited loud criticisms. These criticisms were basically regarding the conflicts that had occurred because of the violations of the International Humanitarian Law. The international armed conflict and the laws which governed it were a major cause of debate. The issue was twofold: The relation of Hezbollah, the guerilla group, to the international humanitarian law, the treatment of the prisoners of war, the protection of the civilian's indiscriminate attacks and access to humanitarian relief. On July 12, 2006, Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite armed group, launched an attack on Israeli positions, captured two Israeli soldiers on the other side of the Blue Line (the United Nation embarked line after the Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon on May 25, 2000). Nine Israeli soldiers were also killed. In response, Israel launched a large scale ope ration on Lebanon. The death toll of the ongoing conflict from August 1, 2000 has climbed up to 800 killed Lebanese civilians and 51 Israeli killed civilians. The Israeli army has been accused of disproportionate and indiscriminate assaults in its operations toward Lebanon. The Israeli Defense Forces said that they were doing 'everything to minimize' civilian casualties in Lebanon. The Hezbollah on the other hand launched its rockets randomly on targets within Israel and has been accused targeting civilians and civilian objects within Israel. The actions from the Hezbollah, as also from the Israel Defense Forces are reflecting the current opposing conflict between them, as they are also considered international humanitarian law violations. The second conflict in violation of the humanitarian law took place in Azerbaijan, which accused neighboring Armenia of breaching a ceasefire, regarding the dispute about the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, causing the death of an Azeri soldier. In this latest round of feuding between these two rivals, Armenia quickly denied the charge and responded with a counter-accusation that Azeri troops had killed an Armenian soldier. When these two former Soviet republics became

Week 2 Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 2 Economics - Essay Example In such a situation, an increase in price causes the revenue earned by suppliers to go up and vice versa. In contrast, the price elasticity is termed elastic whenever the change in demand of a quantity is greater in comparison to a change in price. in this situation, an increase in price causes the revenue to fall and vice versa. In a perfectly elastic situation, a change in price will cause demand to fall to zero thereby bringing the corresponding revenue to zero. However, when the situation resembles a perfectly inelastic curve, a change in price has no influence on the quantity demanded and the demand curve is a vertical line, which is in clear violation of the law of demand. In a perfectly competitive market, a number of producers are producing identical goods with no product differentiation. Therefore, a producer cannot set any price as desired as doing so would put them out of business due to availability of substitutes. Accounting profit is price minus costs for all processes that help bring a product or service to the market. Economic profit is the money earned by investor as a result of their investments. As such, it does not have anything to do with the way firms use that investment to produce goods and generate accounting profit. Economic profit can be negative even when accounting profit is in the green zone. Short term decision making is driven by the immediate demand and supply forced in the market to which the firm may not be able to make major investments or changes and may have to use present capacities to produce the maximum quantity. Long term decisions require time to implement and must be planned in advance taking the long term demand and supply into consideration. The combination of price and the production function gives the cost curve. The total cost curve is the amount spent on all fixed and variable costs while the

Law Enforcements Need to Take a Proactive Approach to Non-ethical And Term Paper

Law Enforcements Need to Take a Proactive Approach to Non-ethical And Corruptive Behavior - Term Paper Example This report declares that supervisors need to be role models such that their junior officers will copy what they do but not what they say since unethical behavior of the supervisors plays an important role in training unethical behavior to the junior officers under their command. The administration should ensure that ethical training should not be limited to the junior officers only but should be spread in the whole organization so as to improve the level of personal commitment, integrity and professionalism. The law enforcement administrators have to approach issues related to integrity and ethics from a different perspective, so as to regain and maintain public trust and confidence. To avoid the major ones since the bigger the error the larger the consequence and this will entirely depend on the discipline of the senior officers who are the administrators of the entire law enforcement sector. This paper makes a conclusion that the media should also avoid giving the public false information as this irritates the officers where they seek revenge from the public regardless of whether an individual is on the wrong or not. Not all officers are corrupt and brutal it is only a section of the police force that is corrupt and brutal, the administration should promote the efficient and non-corrupt officers so as to boost their self-esteem and motivate them, in addition to being giving them incentives and this will be a good example to the already corrupt officers to change for the better and at the end of the day this will repair the bad reputation of the same officers.

NGOs and Corporations Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

NGOs and Corporations - Literature review Example He negotiated a partnership between the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – one of the world’s largest and most influential NGOs, and the IMD, but he is also heavily involved in the corporation side of his research interests. He acts as a consultant for several Fortune 100 companies, including Microsoft and Shell, and has spoken at various think-tanks. Yaziji and Doh adopt a sensible division of their work into four clear sections: understanding NGOs, NGO advocacy campaigns, corporate-NGO engagements, and the future of the latter. This division offers a logical structure for the book’s chapters, and a straightforward framework for analysis. The authors begin by asserting the importance of NGOs in the contemporary world, and on this issue, their arguments can scarcely be contested. By naming just a few of the more prominent organisations, including Amnesty International and Greenpeace – the nature of NGOs as major actors in politics, economics and society is clear. Yaziji and Doh (2009, p.xiii) also provide some staggering statistics for the growth of NGOs in recent years, suggesting a 400% increase in the number of international NGOs. No reader can seriously doubt whether a comprehensive work on this subject was necessary. I would credit the authors’ statement that ‘A fuller understanding of the role of business in society requires a comprehensive understanding of these engagements’ (2009, p.xv). oweHowe And Doh and Yaziji certainly provide a comprehensive account. They apply a logical division of material, and create a work which is easy for any reader to negotiate. However, having set themselves the important task of filling the current gap in the literature, something more than a survey of the field would have been appropriate. In theoretical terms, they have moved on the debate, but to a great extent the book feels like a synthesis rather than a useful new analytical framework. The introductory chapter provides a valu able overview of the current status of NGOs and their influence in society, and sets out a valid framework for the analysis that will be pursued throughout the text. However, beyond the introductory chapter and the logical headings used to divide the work into four main areas, there are some crucial structural weaknesses. In the introductory chapter, the authors describe the ‘hazard-strewn’ nature of relationships between NGOs and corporations, nicely summarise some of the key factors that make them so (2009, p.xxiv). For example, NGOs might recoil from the data discovered on being given access to a corporation’s internal audit, while the media coverage generated by such a collaboration has the potential to harm the legitimacy and reputation of an NGO, sometimes damaging it irreparably. Perhaps most fundamentally, there is a basic value difference between most corporations, and most NGOs. The former are working with markets and their values; the latter with socia l and ethical values. There can be some overlap in their operations, but this fundamental conflict compromises all collaborations. Perhaps this theme could have been developed further, given that it crops up throughout

EEO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EEO - Essay Example The development of the EEO guiding principles can be traced back to the enactment of Civil Rights Act in 1883, which prohibited political favoritism in filling federal posts. Executive orders 0948 and 10955 issued in 1940 and 1961 respectively marked the first, concrete steps in the elimination of workplace discriminatory policies touching on race, creed or color. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 added the gender concept in the fight to equality (Pole, 1993). Civil Rights Act of 1964, however, was the most comprehensive law that laid the foundation for later executive orders as well as legislative reviews. It not only prohibited outright discrimination on the classes named above in addition to religion and national origin, but also established a commission to fast implementation. The subsequent executive orders such as 11246 (1965), 11375 (1967) and 11478 (1969) were mere affirmations of clauses in Civil Rights Act of 1964 with very little effect to what was already a public policy (Pole, 1 993). Nonetheless, Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 mandating equality of persons aged between 40 and 70, the 1990 enactment on disability and the more recent legislations incorporating pregnancy and sexual harassment have explicitly contributed in designing an inclusive equality principle within the workplace. Arguably, women have been a major beneficiary block that has gained considerably with the progressive institutionalization of the equality principle nationally since the enactment of Civil Rights Act. Hillary Clinton’s shot at the presidency in the run up to the 2008 presidential elections not only demonstrated the extent of the break through to the executive ranks long dominated by white males, but also signified a general acceptance of woman leadership from a society that has come full cycle in confronting a rather conservative past full of untenable

Types of Variables Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Types of Variables - Research Paper Example This would help render better educational support and employment in the regions that lag in those. Insurance rate can be calculated from the type of job and income. It can either be high insurance for people in private jobs with high income and low insurance for those in private jobs with low income or those in government jobs with a high profile gets highly insured than those with a low profile government job. These probabilities can be calculated from the table. In the perspective of health care and medicine, we can also derive the possible percentage effects of blood pressure on hypertension. Way in which weight is related to body temperature and hypertension can also be obtained by queries. And research on the high probability of non-smokers getting cancer and smokers getting cancer can be made very simple with the operational table that is categorized well. Under the cancer categorization, one can determine curability of the disease that depends on the stages of cancer. If the c ase is in pathological stage, he/she is in the critical zone and is totally helpless. If a non-smoker categorized under clinical stage, there is a high possibility that he can undergo medication for a certain period of time to recover from the disease. It helps the case study for medical researchers easier. The measure of blood pressure can be referred for other medical factors such as diabetes, premature ventricular contractions, etc. The region categorization in a way provides ordinals of people suffering from cancer or high blood pressure in that particular zone which might be due to the environmental effects of that region. Each variable used above is dependent on the remaining variables. Constructing an abstract operational table with these variables helps us predict how certain factors affect the outcome. It makes hypothesis and fuzzy concepts that seem to appear difficult easier.

Creative Marketing and Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creative Marketing and Critical Thinking - Essay Example Combination of all these elements will give the best results in marketing processes. Wireless advertising offers potential to target markets; creativity stimulates creating new ideas and ideologies; broadband technologies allow marketing experts to deliver large amounts of data and make this process even faster and simpler. Due to creative thinking wireless advertising gives the opportunity to implement online newsletters, virtual storefronts, interactive brochures, and web(Frame 2003). Marketing process is sometimes called as "getting stuck". People need fresh and effective marketing ideas in order to promote new products and services. But very often person's mind is failing back to old ideas. People are tired of them, because they want and need new marketing approach that will be exciting and full of surprise, vividness and life. (Nunley 2004) And marketing expert resort to the help of critical thinking and creativity in order to give people what they want and really need(Smith 2004). For example, if to ask people to determine the main driving force of advertising, they will most likely tell that it is creativity. Creativity is very important, but it is one of the three legs upon which successful marketing is standing. The four legs are: If to ask the same peo... Creativity is very important, but it is one of the three legs upon which successful marketing is standing. The four legs are: Message Medium Creativity(Hercky 2005) If to ask the same people to define creativity, they will most likely tell that it is something "of which they themselves would not have thought". It is a matter of fact that creativity and creative thinking are the vital components of marketing strategy and planning. They help expert to develop new approaches to attract new customers and to retain the power on the old ones. Marketing has to be creative in its thinking and deliver whether in creating unique promotional plan, finding technical solution to existing problem, designing new web site or devising a differentiating channel distribution model. Hercky (2005) admitted that every marketing expert can be creative if the environment is right and favorable. Marketing has to build on such environment where marketing creativity and creative thinking will flourish, "manage that creativity, and still deliver on budget and on time". Creative thinking helps marketing experts to understand how different people work, how to have creative fun during working process and how to make everybody perform at their creative peak. It is important to deliver a real boom to the organization or company(Hercky 2005). There is a question: are creativity and creative thinking innate talents reserved only for selected ones or they can be learned like, for example, riding a monocycle or juggling But before answering this question it is necessary to define creativity in marketing and advertising. Creativity in marketing differs significantly from creativity in arts. Hercky (2005) defines creativity in marketing as "the melding

The way we lie Essay Example for Free

The way we lie Essay People tell lies everyday,whether it is a simple white lire or a more complex lie. In article the way we lie written by Stephanie Ericsson she explains the different forms of lying, and how life is harder when we dont lie to authority figures, people we love.In the short story shooting an elephant the narrator is guilty of lying to the Native people in the village he is in. The narrator puts up a facade that he is like any other white man and can kill anything. A facade is an illusion, we put on to portray what we think the world expects from us. The narrator in Shooting an Elephant continuously lets us know that he does not want to kill the elephant but he feels that he must because thats what everyone is expecting from himI had no intention of shooting the elephant- I had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessary He also goes on to say how he feels like a fool going down the hill to kill the elephant, he continuously lets us know that he isnt what everyone thinks he is rather he is just as nervous as everyone else is. At the beginning of the short story we are told that the narrator is an european police officer in the town of Moulmein. When a person wears a police uniform one assumes many things.The first being that that person can protect us from harm and defend those who are weak. The narrator tries to preserve all these stereotypes in the short story. A stereotype is used to categorize a specific groups of people,although the narrator knows that he isnt a ruthless elephant killing machine he wants people to believe that they are safe around him. For them to think hes a good police officer he must kill the elephant regardless of what his initial intent was. because of the crowd gathering around him he doesnt want them to think that hes like any other white police officer, so he kills the elephant knowing that he didnt want to bring any harm to the elephant.

Development through life stages Essay Example for Free

Development through life stages Essay Discuss the nature-nurture debate in relation to the development of the individual (M1) Evaluate how nature and nurture may affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of two stages of the development of the individual (D1). Nature can be loosely defined as genetic inheritance or the genetic makeup (the information encoded in your genes) which a person inherits from both parents at the time of conception and carries throughout life. Several things in an individual genetically inherits include; ranging from gender, eye colour, risks for certain diseases and exceptional talents to height. The concept of nature thus refers to biologically inherited tendencies and abilities that people have and which may get revealed later on as they grow up. Nurture can be defined as the different environmental factors to which a person is subjected from birth to death. There are many environmental factors. They include both physical environments and social environments. Some theorists believe that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even because of ‘animal instincts.’ This is known as the ‘nature’ theory of human behaviour. Other theorists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the ‘nurture’ theory of human behaviour. (www.yourenglishlessons.wordpress.com) Nature refers to the inherited (genetic) characteristics and tendencies that influence development. Some inherited characteristics appear in virtually everyone. All children have a set of universal human genes that, when coupled with a reasonable environment, permit them to develop as reasonably capable members of the human species. Inherited characteristics and tendencies are not always evident at birth. Many physical features emerge gradually through the process of maturation, the genetically guided changes that occur over the course of development. Environmental support, and responsive care from others, is necessary for maturation to take place. Children’s experiences in the environment affect all aspects of their being, for example the health of their bodies or the curiosity of their minds. Nurture affects children’s development in many ways. With good environmental support, children thrive. Unfortunately, the conditions of nurture are not always nurturing. For example, children who grow up in an abusive family must look outside the family for stable, affectionate care. It is known that your genetics determine what you will look like and even your height. However your height  and looks can be changed if a person doesn’t eat properly or are in an accident. People can become anorexic, obese, anaemic etc. And all of these can affect how a person looks and their height. If a child is malnourished then this can cause their growth to deteriorate and they may develop problems like rickets. By looking at adoption studies it is shown that identical twins share similar intelligence whether they are brought up together or not. With this data we can make an argument that genetics has a greater influence in the intelligence of identical twins as well as the environment. Your IQ which is determined by your genes can also be af fected by the environment around an individual. If a person has not got as good school opportunities as another person with the same determined IQ, if they perhaps cannot go to a good as school as them or if their teachers are not as good as the other then they’re IQ will not be as developed as the other person which means that nurture also plays a part in a person’s IQ. (www.boundless.com) However in recent years there has been a growing realization that the question of â€Å"how much† behaviour is due to heredity and â€Å"how much† to environment may itself be the wrong question. Take intelligence as an example. Like almost all types of human behaviour it is a complex, many-sided phenomenon which reveals itself (or not!) in a great variety of ways. The â€Å"how much† question assumes that the variables can all be expressed numerically and that the issue can be resolved in a quantitative manner. The reality is that nature and culture interact in a host of qualitatively different ways. (McLeod 2007) Nature vs. nurture could refer to really intelligent people. One reason given for their being so gifted at learning and acquiring information might be that its in their genes. They have really intelligent parents; a high IQ i.e. their genetic makeup has enabled them to be intelligent. And likewise, you might argue the opposite for very unintelligent pe ople. (Nature) Whereas some people might argue that its how that person is raised. The child’s parents gave him all kinds of means to learn with, or encouraged his education from an early age, etc. The ‘less intelligent’ child’s parents, on the other hand, kicked him outside all day, kept him from school, called him stupid, etc. (Nurture) In my opinion, both nature and nurture have an effect on the development of an individual. Having read both sides, I personally believe that indeed nature does have a significant impact on the holistic development of the  individual. In my opinion, our personalities are related to our genetics. I have a very similar temperament to my father, which supports my view. My sister on the other hand, has a temperament which is very similar to my mum’s. Also, I believe that our intelligence is genetically driven. Some people are naturally more intelligent than others and this cannot be disputed. Of course, nurture with regards to intelligence and personality is also important. If a child experiences a lack of support with their education, they may not perform to the best of their ability. With that being said however, the level of support that the child receives does not actually alter their natural ability. Also, an individual may suffer a negative experience in their upbringing. This may result in their development being ‘altered’ or ‘different.’ Peer pressure also exists and therefore we must consider all of these extra factors regarding the development of individuals. Researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960’s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrid, D. (1967) child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behaviour. Genetic psychology monographs, 75, 43-88). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting; disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles and expectations of maturity and control. Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by Maccoby also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental psychology, 28, 1006-1017) The four parenting styles are: Authoritarian parenting: in this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, ‘because I said so.’ These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. Authoritarian parenting styles generally  lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower happiness, social competence and self-esteem. Authoritative parenting: like authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. When children fail to meet the expectations, the parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. Authoritative parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful (Maccoby, 1992.) Permissive parenting: permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control. According to Baumrind, permissive parents ‘’are more responsive than they are demanding. They are non-traditional and lenient, do not require mature behaviour, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation’’ (1991). Permissive parents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent. Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation. These children are more likely to experience problems with authority and tend to perform poorly in school. Uninvolved parenting: An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness and little communication. While these parents fulfil the child’s basic needs, they are generally detached from their child’s life. In extreme cases, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children. Uninvolved parenting styles rank lowest across all life domains. These children tend to lack self-control, have low self-esteem and are less competent than their peers. It is extremely important for a parent to demonstrate good parenting skills. How parents interact with their child affects their development in a significant way. How a child is brought up could affect the child’s social skills, they could turn out to be too shy, suffer anxiety, get nervous around people or even become mute depending on their situations at home. If a child is bought up in a home with violence, they could grow up thinking that it is the normal thing to do. Similarly, if a child is brought up in a very stable and loving household, this could  enable them to be happier and enjoy life more and this could also help bring out their personality and feelings. I believe that this suggests that a person’s personality does take an effect on how they deal with their environmental surroundings and the person that they will grow to become. Nurture can significantly impact an adult’s emotional and social development. If someone was treated badly as a child, this may reflect on their personality and behaviour as an adult. The individual may be withdrawn and depressed. This could be caused by the negative experiences they had in their childhood. Also, if an adult is obese it may be as a result of nurture. If a child is brought up being allowed to eat nothing but junk food, they will consider this type of eating as ‘normal’. As a result of this, nurture has a significant impact on the physical development of a child and indeed an adult, with regards to obesity. We could argue however, that obesity is genetic and that is where nature is to blame. In a study that included more than 5,000 identical and non-identical twin pairs, researchers found heredity to be a much bigger predictor of childhood obesity than lifestyle. They concluded that three-quarters of a childs risk for becoming overweight is due to genetic influences, while just under a quarter of risk can be attributed to environmen t. Either way, both nature and nurture can have an impact on the physical development of an individual. (www.webmd.co.uk) I believe that if a child has grown up in a ‘rough area’ then it will be more likely that they might get into trouble with the police, in school etc. This may be because they have seen older children or maybe even adults do something they shouldn’t and this influences them to do the same. Drink and drugs may influence antisocial behaviour. If antisocial behaviour is seen as normal you may end up repeating the cycle. However, it is the parent’s responsibility to make sure that their child is safe. Therefore, I believe that environmental factors can change how a child behaves depending for example on where they live and what kind of people they are exposed to. I personally do not believe there is a correct answer to this debate. There is no way to prove how much influence each has in forming who we are, so we have to rely on logic and researc h that has been conducted regarding the issue. But each side has different interpretations of what evidence is available. I do believe however, that both nature and nurture play a significant part in our personal development but I believe  that they are equally as important, there is no ‘better’ theory. I believe that you are born with certain genetic traits and predispositions which influence how you react to your environment. Your environment shapes the person you are because it presents you with choices, challenges, and opportunities. Your genetic traits provide you with strengths and weaknesses. It is how you utilize those strengths to overcome the challenges, and take advantage of the opportunities, and of course the choices that you make that ultimately make you who you are. How does nature/nurture affect the development of Miya at 5 years old? Nature has a significant impact on the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of Miya. During this stage of childhood, Miya will be going through a p eriod of growth. Miya’s physical development will be determined by her genes and this cannot be controlled. Growth is pre-determined by nature and therefore, it cannot be changed or stopped. Nurture also has a significant impact on Miya’s holistic development during this stage of her life. Parenting has a huge impact on her intellectual, emotional and social development. If Miya is fed a lot of junk food by her parents, then nurture would be responsible for her becoming overweight. Unless Miya is genetically programmed to become overweight, this would be at the fault of her parents for allowing her to eat too many unhealthy foods, and not providing her with a balanced diet. Also, nurture will impact significantly on Miya’s intellectual development. If she is encouraged to complete her homework e.g. by doing reading or simple maths with her parents, Miya will benefit intellectually. Also, if Miya’s parents did not take the time to do these activities with Miya her intellectual development may negatively be affected by nurture. In terms of emotional and social developmen t, nurture is significantly important at this stage of Miya’s life. If Miya is shown love, she will feel emotionally secure and accepted by her parents. Miya will be able to trust her parents and will expect affection and love from others if she is used to getting that at home. On the other hand however, if Miya experiences abuse from her parents, this can have devastating consequences on her emotional and social development both at this stage in her life and in the future. If Miya experiences abuse, she may have problems trusting people and this could continue on to her adulthood. How does nature/nurture affect the development of Miya at 14 years old? Nature/ Nurture have a  significant impact on Miya’s physical, intellectual, emotional and social development during this stage of the lifespan. In terms of her physical development, Miya will be going through puberty during this stage of her life. Puberty is controlled by nature. Puberty is genetically programmed, Miya cannot change that puberty will happen as it is determined by nature; the individual cannot change that it will eventually occur. Nature also affects Miya’s intellectual development. Miya will have a specific IQ which will determine her natural intelligence. Of course, through nurture, Miya can make the most of her IQ e.g. by encouragement to study, parents providing resources etc. but, her IQ cannot actually be changed as it is determined by nature. Miya’s IQ will be developed by nature, but it will be supported through the nurture she receives in her life. For example, by her parents and teachers supporting her to achieve her best possible outcomes in school. Nurture will have a major impact on the emotional and social development of Miya. During this time, peer pressure and the influence of her friends will be huge. As a result of peer pressure, Miya may engage in activities that she otherwise may not have considered (drinking, drugs etc.) With regards to her development, this may have a negative impact as Miya will most likely not be truly happy with the decisions she makes. The internet and social media will also have a significant impact on the development of Miya both socially and emotionally. Facebook will be a very important part of Miya’s life as she will want to keep in contact with friends by using this social networking site. If Miya uses Facebook correctly, it could be a positive experience. However, sometimes Facebook can result in bullying which could negatively impact on her social and emotional development at this point in her life. Nurture can also have an impact on the type of friends Miya may have. If Miya’s parents are strict, they may choose who she is allowed to/ not allowed to be friends with. This will affect Miya’s emotional and social development. If Miya is not allowed to socialise with certain people, she may become upset with the decisions her parents have made for her. Miya may rebel against her parents if she feels she hasn’t got enough freedom. If her parents are too strict, she may withdraw from talking to them as she might feel they will ‘judge’ her. As a result of this, Miya may not discuss concerns/worries she has and this could have a very negative impact on her emotional development. On the other hand  however, if Miya’s parents set reasonable boundaries the relationship may be better. Miya may feel more comfortable talking to her parents if they are not too strict. Also, Miya may be happier socially too. If she is allowed to socialise with who she wants, she will not feel the need to rebel against the restrictions that her parents create. References: McLeod, S. A. (2007). Nature Nurture in Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html (accessed 17/11/14) https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/intelligence-11/measuring-intelligence-62/genetic-and-environmental-impacts-on-intelligence-243-12778/) (accessed 19/11/14) http://yourenglishlessons.wordpress.com/2009/10/25/nature-vs-nurture-are-we-really-born-that-way/ (accessed 19/11/14) http://www.webmd.co.uk/children/news/20080211/nature-trumps-nurture-in-child-obesity (accessed 24/11/14)

Information communication technology

Information communication technology Resistance is Useless Introduction: Todays world or society is changing very fast with the help of ICT (Information Communication Technology). Everyday new technologies were developed to simplify the every days work, but there is a resistance to accept those new technologies among people. This is because of many people doesnt like the CHANGE because they dont like being changed. When change comes it brings resistance and fear to cope up with that or lose something valuable. Even many people could not understand how to use those new technologies or equipments. Many People have natural tendency to stuck with the way of work with whom they used to ,They often change and have faltering to change the way of work or equipments, Some people could not afford to adopt new technology or there is no support to demonstrate the way of   using new technology. In medical field every day new technique or method or equipments were introduced but many physician, nurses and medical personal   does not adopt these new technologies ins tead they continue working in there conventional way. New technologies are invented to reduce the work load as well as significantly improve the patient safety, patient satisfaction in the heath care system and also improve the hospital efficiency. As a example most of the hospital introduce the information database system where the hospital store all the information about the patients medical records, doctors information and all the staffs information about their education, salary, training etc. In medical field or can say in eHealth the amount of resistance for the new technologies or equipments are much larger than other fields. In eHealth new technologies or methods are for better health care and lowered the healthcare costs, but physician, nurses and medical personals are hesitated to adopt these at first time because they came from different background. Even sometime the researchers or developers in medical technologies run out of budget or get budget to go or pass the research stage because of medical personal are unresponsive to those technologies or equipments. Objectives What are the factors while designing a system? How a new system or technology will evaluate? What are the ways to convince the people or the organization staffs who will to use this system or technology? How would an organization introduce the new system or technology and prepare their employees to get the most of the system? What are the reasons behind these resistances to new technology and methods in health care? Discussions: Lecture 4 (slide 46,48) advantages disadvantages + Slide 32-37 (for evaluation) Slide 8 focusing on benefits Slide 24 slide 30 Old people are pessimistic of new technology for usability inconvenience Conclusion: It can be said that resistance is useless. Resistance is the biggest obstacle in developing new technology.   Not only resistance always create problem there are lots of other factor involving to create problem to develop new technology both in medical sector as well as in other sectors. Most of the people have natural tendency to create resistance to the new things because they have fear to change the way of doings jobs. In other since resistance is useful to some extent it helps the developer to develop the new technology in more efficient and user friendly way, So that the end user can get the most of the system. It is more important to have in mind while developing new technology for whom they are developing, in which situation and context the user will use this tools, As well as which task it will solve otherwise resistance will always come to adopt the new technology. Reference: Improve ICT systems in healthcaImprove by Dr. Isabella Scandurra [Ph.D] http://www.icup.org.uk/reports%5CICUP763.pdf http://www.bridges-to-technology.com/page26.html http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/6/1 http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_US/us/press/Press-Releases/press-release/8696c52c23d85210VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/change_resistance.html http://www.schulersolutions.com/resistance_to_change.html

Andrew Carnegie Lived The American Dream :: Andrew Carnegie

What is the American Dream? According to Webster the American Dream is the ideal according to which equality of opportunity permits any American to aspire to high attainment and material success. Andrew Carnegie is the epitome of the American Dream because he is a classic example of rags to riches success story. He seemed to be touched by an angel. No matter what was wrong with the world, Andrew Carnegie was to consistently capitalize on success. Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. â€Å"Protected by proud and self-sacrificing parents, Andrew may not have known in these years what real poverty was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Wall, Andrew Carnegie) Andrew Carnegie’s formal education ended after elementary school, the family's respect for books and learning ensured that Carnegie's education would continue throughout his life. Born the son of a weaver, Carnegie’s family suffered the effects of the industrial revolution. The mass production of the new steam looms left countless families out of work. To escape the depression of their hometown his family immigrated to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1848. At the age of thirteen, Carnegie began his new life in America as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory. Through a connection from his uncle, Carnegie was offered a job as a messenger boy and operator for the Telegraph Office. From the promotion of his new job, Carnegie became acquainted with Pittsburgh’s most Well-known men. While employed by the Telegraph Office Carnegie met Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, who offered him a job. It was while being employed by Scott, that he was given a proposal to invest in the Adams Express Company. Carnegie was able to convince his mother to mortgage their home and loan him $500 to begin his first investment. In 1865 Carnegie left Pennsylvania Railroad after 12 years to concentrate on his own businesses, the first being the Keystone Bridge Company, which made iron and steel. Carnegie surrounded himself with intelligent advisors, made heavy investments in new equipment, and maintained his ownership stake in all his enterprises, enabling him to exponentially increase his wealth. During his trips to business trips Carnegie he came to meet steel-makers. At about age 38, he began concentrating on steel, founding the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works near Pittsburgh, which would eventually evolve into the Carnegie Steel Company. In the 1870s Carnegie's new company built the first steel plants in the United States to use the new Bessemer steel-making process, borrowed from Britain. Andrew Carnegie Lived The American Dream :: Andrew Carnegie What is the American Dream? According to Webster the American Dream is the ideal according to which equality of opportunity permits any American to aspire to high attainment and material success. Andrew Carnegie is the epitome of the American Dream because he is a classic example of rags to riches success story. He seemed to be touched by an angel. No matter what was wrong with the world, Andrew Carnegie was to consistently capitalize on success. Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. â€Å"Protected by proud and self-sacrificing parents, Andrew may not have known in these years what real poverty was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Wall, Andrew Carnegie) Andrew Carnegie’s formal education ended after elementary school, the family's respect for books and learning ensured that Carnegie's education would continue throughout his life. Born the son of a weaver, Carnegie’s family suffered the effects of the industrial revolution. The mass production of the new steam looms left countless families out of work. To escape the depression of their hometown his family immigrated to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1848. At the age of thirteen, Carnegie began his new life in America as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory. Through a connection from his uncle, Carnegie was offered a job as a messenger boy and operator for the Telegraph Office. From the promotion of his new job, Carnegie became acquainted with Pittsburgh’s most Well-known men. While employed by the Telegraph Office Carnegie met Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, who offered him a job. It was while being employed by Scott, that he was given a proposal to invest in the Adams Express Company. Carnegie was able to convince his mother to mortgage their home and loan him $500 to begin his first investment. In 1865 Carnegie left Pennsylvania Railroad after 12 years to concentrate on his own businesses, the first being the Keystone Bridge Company, which made iron and steel. Carnegie surrounded himself with intelligent advisors, made heavy investments in new equipment, and maintained his ownership stake in all his enterprises, enabling him to exponentially increase his wealth. During his trips to business trips Carnegie he came to meet steel-makers. At about age 38, he began concentrating on steel, founding the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works near Pittsburgh, which would eventually evolve into the Carnegie Steel Company. In the 1870s Carnegie's new company built the first steel plants in the United States to use the new Bessemer steel-making process, borrowed from Britain.

Resolution in A Midsummer Nights Dream :: A Midsummer Nights Dream, William Shakespeare

In Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, the conflict is based upon pure confusion. The main characters are involved in a mix-up of epic proportions. The story begins with Demetrius pledged to marry Hermia, daughter of Egeus. Conflict arises immediately when Lysander is shown to have won Hermia's affection and also her undying love. This situation is clouded even further when Helena, a friend of Hermia is found to be in love with Demetrius. The crowning mix-up that throws the events of the play into action is the strange relationship between Oberon and Titania, the ruling fairies. Because of his untamed jealousy over Titania's new servant, Oberon orders Puck to sprinkle love juice in Titania's eye and, taking pity on Helena, the eyes of Demetrius as well. A solution is very close at hand until Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and causes Lysander to fall desperately in love with Helena. This is the main conflict. Characters that are desperately in love are torn apart by forces they c annot control. Helena is in great anguish because she cannot have Demetrius and now it seems that Lysander is mocking her over this very fact. Hermia is also in terrible pain due to the sudden change of heart seen in her lover. Demetrius is still seeking Hermia with no hope of success and Lysander is trapped in the daze of love for a woman that is not his true love. It is with this feeling of utter helplessness that Shakespeare ends act II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although this is one of Shakespeare's comedies, an interesting way to resolve the story would be to take the traditional tragic approach: everyone dies. Hermia, caught between her father's wish that she marry Demetrius and her strong love for Lysander, surely will be driven to madness by the loss of Lysander's love. A loss so great will have no other effect than to drive Hermia to suicide when she confronts Lysander and is mysteriously and continuously turned away. With Lysander's own sword, she cuts herself down and bleeds to death at her lover's feet. Confused by the act and possibly shaken back to reality by it, Lysander awakens from his daze and sees his love dead, his own sword plunged through her body.

The Indian and the White Communites in Dances with Wolves and Machimani

The Indian and the White Communites in Dances with Wolves and Machimanito The film Dances with Wolves shares a lot of its content with the story Machimanito. In Dances with Wolves, two nations come to interact with each other. While the white man is dominating the land, the Indians are trying to protect both their land and themselves. In Machimanito, the story describes the epidemic and its effects on the Indians, while describing the ongoing conflict between Indians and the white man. There is a huge cultural difference between the white man and the Indians, which is reflected on their ways of life and communities; each lives a different life style including their interaction with nature and themselves, their authority within this community and finally the resulting conflict the interactions of these two nations. John Dunbar makes contact with the Indians while being posted on the frontier. As his relationship develops with Kicking Bird and both gain each other’s trust, he becomes part of the Indian community; his final transition can be seen when he is known by the name Dances with Wolves. The differences between the white and the Indian community are shown to the viewer while Dunbar is exploring it and is becoming aware of the differences himself. Some of the differences are shown in the ways and objectives of hunting the buffalos. While the Indians use the buffalos for both food and use the skin for clothes, the white man hunts down buffalos for their skin and horns â€Å"killed only for their tongs and the price of their hides.† Dunbar says â€Å"One thing is clear however there is no buffalo and it weighs heavily on their minds.† This shows how important the buffalos are for the Indians, as their absence is a problem for thei... ...e and accurate approach of the Indians, where the reader can feel the story and the events as if he was Nanapush himself, as apposed to see and try to figure out the feelings like in Dances with Wolves. We can see that in both Machimanito and Dances with Wolves, there is a conflict between the white society and the Indian society. The white trespassing society intervenes with the traditions and customs of the Indians which causes a threat to their culture. Since the white man views the Indian community as being native and tries to educate it by colonizing and implementing their own ways. Both these literary pieces show this conflict and the effects of the colonization on the Indians. While Dunbar comes to the conclusion â€Å"Nothing I’ve been told about these people is correct. They are not beggar and thieves. They are not the bogie men they’ve been made out to be.†

Dramatic Changes in the U.S. Intelligence Community Essay

Intelligence services of any country play a vital role in its security as well as in support of its national interests. The U. S. Intelligence Community (IC) today is a federation of about 16 separate governmental agencies (United States Intelligence Community, 2009) that monitor information worldwide and domestically in pursuance of America’s national interests. The IC has undergone fundamental changes since WWII, the 1970s and in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 attacks and the Iraq war 2003. Each of these fundamental changes in policy, organization and practice has had a profound impact in the workings of the IC. This essay examines the effects of the successive reforms carried out within the IC focusing on the above mentioned three periods of dramatic changes. The precursor to the Intelligence Community was the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) which was formed during the Second World War to coordinate the intelligence gathering and espionage activities of the single service intelligence services. After the Second World War, the U. S. government sought to change the predominant army orientation of the OSS. The National Security Act of 1947 established the Central Intelligence Agency that took over the functions of the OSS and charged it with collection of national security intelligence but no â€Å"police, subpoena, law enforcement powers or internal security function (Theoharis & Immerman, 2006, p. 156). † The aim here was to curtail the inflated powers that the OSS had gathered during the war time years. However, the reality of the Cold War forced the US government to promulgate â€Å"the NSC 4A of December 14, 1947, and NSC 10/2 of June 18, 1948 (Theoharis & Immerman, 2006, p. 158)† giving the CIA mandate to conduct covert operations. Thereon, the mandate of the CIA was increased to include sabotage, support of indigenous anti-communist elements and kill and depose leaders from Cuba to Chile (Kinzer, 2008, p. 210). The 1949 Central Intelligence Agency Act authorized the agency fiscal independence outside the domain of public scrutiny and administrative controls. The organization was also exempted from having to make public the roll call of its employees or where they were being employed. So the powers of the agency were vastly increased and congressional oversight reduced. Through the sixties into the early 70s, the CIA was at the forefront of covert war across the globe, undermining the Soviets and in the process becoming a law unto them self. Thus when Dr Muhammed Mossadeq of Iran nationalized British Petroleum, it was the CIA which helped the British to overthrow his government to establish Reza Pehalavi as their puppet (Paul, 2003, p. 14). In Iraq too, US intelligence services recruited in 1959, Saddam Hussein to take part in assassination of Iraqi Prime minister Qasim who was poised to hurt American oil interests in Iraq. Within the United States, the CIA was involved in hunting out communist supporters under McCarthyism that led to the arrests and incarceration of hundreds of Americans under trumped up charges. These internal actions of the IC made the community most unpopular with politicians across the spectrum. Nixon initially distrusted the agencies but soon saw their utility leading to a series of successful covert operations that helped in winding down the Vietnam War, Coup de etat in Chile, engagement with China and containment actions across the globe against Soviet expansion. Nixon later misused the CIA in getting the agency to obstruct FBI investigations into the Watergate scandal (1972). In Africa, the CIA carried out covert operations to oust Soviet influence. In the period right up to the early 70s, the IC was involved predominantly in conduct of a secret foreign policy and the administration then started having misgivings about the efficiency of the organization with its excessive focus on clandestine operations (Louis, 1987, p. 103). Therefore, in 1973, the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), James Schlesinger decided to reform the agency to make it more accountable and efficient. â€Å"He fired two thousand officers (Louis, p. 103)† and compiled a report on the (mis)doings of the agency in conducting political assassinations worldwide, and indulging in illegal surveillance of thousands of US citizens who had opposed America’s involvement in the Vietnam War. Though this report was supposed to be secret, it was leaked to the media that led to a series of investigations into the workings of the CIA by the senate (Church Committee), the House of Representatives (Pike Committee) and the administration of Gerald Ford (Rockefeller Commission) in 1975, which in turn led to the distancing of the CIA from its linkages with domestic politics. This also led to a formation of the Presidential Oversight Board at the White House and the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence in 1977 to maintain oversight on the workings of the IC. President Ford â€Å"banned assassination plots against foreign leaders and tightened CIA and NSC approval procedures for the use of covert actions (Jeffreys-Jones & Andrew, 1997, p. 182)†. President Carter further tightened the accountability of the IC. The technicalization of the IC under the stewardship of Admiral Turner vastly increased the agencies ability to remotely eavesdrop on the global community but downplayed HUMINT leading to glaring weaknesses in intelligence collection in the field that led to the bombings of American embassies in Kenya, Uganda and the 9/11 attacks. The Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980 brought in more accountability in the workings of the IC, which included advance intimation to the Congress in case the IC was to be tasked for covert operations. In the Reagan years, the IC was actively involved in ousting the Soviets from Afghanistan. The IC played a pivotal role in supplying the Mujahidin arms and ammunition to defeat the Soviets. The Reagan administration, on many occasions willfully bypassed the Oversight Act as Vice Admiral Poindexter; Reagan’s NSA stated that â€Å"he had bypassed the intelligence committees in the Iran-Contra Affair to avoid outside interference (Jeffreys-Jones & Andrew, p. 189)†. This led to the 1991 Intelligence Oversight Act which required the President to give a written order for any covert operation. The various measures to instill accountability, and reduce the scope of its power hobbled the agencies which became too ‘gun-shy’ (Coll, 2004, p. 424) and failed spectacularly in detecting the 9/11 attack plan launched by the Al Qaeda. The 9/11 report clearly indicted the intelligence services for their failure to detect the formation of a coherent group like the Al Qaeda and its intent to attack symbols of American power within America (Kean & Hamilton, 2004, p. 341). The report pointed out to the deficiencies in strategic analysis against Al Qaeda, lack of imaginative thinking and the lack of coordination between the various intelligence agencies. The 9/11 report recommended sweeping changes to restructure the IC starting right at the top by replacing the position of Director of Central Intelligence with National Intelligence Director (Kean & Hamilton, 2004, p. 411) to oversee national intelligence centers and have the power to approve and submit nominations of individuals who would head CIA, DIA, FBI intelligence office and so on (Kean & Hamilton, 2004, p. 412). Since 9/11, the role of the IC in covert operations had increased vastly especially under the Republican watch, where greater leeway was given to the IC to carry out targeted killings using predator drones across Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The embarrassment of the false Iraqi WMD dossier, regret for which was proffered by then Secretary of State, Colin Powell (Shulman, 2008, p. 107) dented the IC’s image and there have been renewed calls for strengthening congressional oversight over the workings of the IC. The Obama administration has shown greater sensitivity towards adhering to the democratic tenets of oversight and following the rules set by the National Security Act in that the new CIA Director Leon Panetta, on first information, shut down a secret CIA mission to kill Al Qaeda leaders which was being executed without congressional approval (Hess, 2009). In conclusion it can be reiterated that the US IC has been undergoing dramatic changes since the Second World War mostly as a reaction to the changing circumstances. The reforms after Second World War were initiated to bring about better coordination, accountability and oversight by the government into the workings of the IC. The reforms in the seventies were a direct reaction to the excesses committed by the IC and to check their indiscretion and bring greater control over their objectionable operations. 9/11 gave a severe jolt to the American administration and the reforms that were then initiated came as response to the event as also a genuine feeling for the need to better harness the skills of the IC. Post Iraq War 2003, the clamor for oversight has increased as it was being felt that the agencies had deliberately misled the government by giving faulty intelligence that led to the Iraq war. On the whole, the drive to initiate reforms in the IC has been more reactive in nature rather than being proactive for dealing with future threats. Works Cited Coll, S. (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden. NY: Penguin. Hess, P. (2009, July 15). House Lays Groundwork for CIA Probe. Retrieved July 21, 2009, from Washington Post: http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/14/AR2009071401648. html Jeffreys-Jones, R. , & Andrew, C. M. (1997). Eternal Vigilance? : 50 Years of the CIA. NY: Routledge. Kean, T. H. , & Hamilton, L. (2004). The 9/11 Commission Report. Washington D. C. : Supt. of Docs. GPO. Kinzer, S. (2008). All the Shah’s Men. NY: Wiley. Louis, G. (1987). The New American State: Bureaucracies and Policies Since Worl War II. Baltimore: JHU Press. Paul, J. A. (2003, November). Oil Companies in Iraq. Retrieved July 6, 2009, from Global Policy Forum: http;//www. globalpolicy. org/component/content/article/185/40586. html Shulman, S. (2008). Undermining Science: Suppression and Distortion in the Bush Administration. Berkeley: University of California Press. Theoharis, A. G. , & Immerman, R. H. (2006). The Central Intelligence Agency Under Scrutiny. Westport: Greenwood Publishing. United States Intelligence Community. (2009). Members of the Intelligence Community. Retrieved July 21, 2009, from http://www. intelligence. gov/1-members. shtml

Academic Integrity Essay

1.) The Importance of written material in both academically and professionally is that you be communicating and/or expressing ideas through both of them. There is a potful of jobs that bequeath require written material skills because you read to know how to communicate through paper. Having full academic writing skills will pull down do you good when you are a student. Developing good academic writing skills has m any advantages beyond obtaining higher grades. sea captain writing involves use clear manner of speaking to explain themselves to an audience.2.) Integrity is important in writing because you should be ingenuous to yourself and former(a) people whom you are writing to. I believe that being in an online break helps you understand what integrity is and helps you be honest to people while you are scuttle up to them. For example in our reciprocation questions I feel like being honest is very important because it will keep my conversation going without any lies, it would be very e to be caught lying to someone while we are having a conversation. That is why it is important to impart integrity.3.) The easiest course to avoid plagiarism is by using your own words. Once someone understands what plagiarism is and the consequences for doing it they will understand it much better. Quotations must be used when the divide is about 40 words or 3 sentences long. Like I say in my first sentence using your own words is the best way to avoid plagiarism is to use paraphrase. Paraphrasing mover you should put the ideas in a personation into your own words, usually following the outrank in which the ideas were presented in the original paper.

Being Self-Employed vs. Working for Someone Else

organism freelance vs. rifleing for individual else Self-employment and collect foring for someone else has galore(postnominal) of the same benefits and disadvantages. Although self-employment allow for allow a soul to be his or her own thickening and live endless monetary possibilities, it likewise screw be harder than get toing for someone else. Just because a someone is able to pass for their self, it does non spurious that it give be any easier than break aways for someone else or even be more palmy. Self-employment allows individuals to pee-pee his or her own memorial, allowing tractability in the m that volition be spent functional.The plastic schedule of a self-employed individual is a straightforward benefit. However in order to be successful at it, a lot of clip has to be invested in it. If sentence is non put into the project, it bequeath be difficult to maintain it. Having a flexible schedule allows the individual to prolong more fourt h dimension at home and as well enables the mortal to work the hours convenient for their schedule. People unremarkably find it easier to be self-employed because they feel that the exemption of functional whenever they want or feel the lack to whitethorn marque the individual feel alike(p) they generate power and authority they would not have working under a supervisor.However, good while management is essential to for self-employment. It is imperative that a mortal who is self-employed manages their time wisely and maintains themselves organized. It may force some time to get organized properly, moreover if the person practices how to best maintain organization with time, they will eventually come up with a work routine that best fits their work. Discipline is the key to macrocosm self-employed. If not, they steer the risk of disorganization to the point where they will no longer be able to dissolve their business or continue with their work.Without discipline an d disorganization, the chances of financial success will be slim. Self-employment croup be a financial success. in that location is the possibility of reinforcement very well when owning a business or simply that work on your own. It also depends on what type of business or vocation path the person chooses in order to work for them selves. A person must consider that thither are sometimes many exists in initiating a self-owned business. Maybe start-up materials, computer hardware and financial management software to keep lead story of finances will often be engage when a person is self-employed.Organization and financial responsibility is life-and-death when owning a business or being self-employed. If the person that is self-employed does not manage money well, they run the risk of losing their business due to mismanagement. This will be a great disadvantage because not merely is the person not able to be self-employed but they might have been out of the work field for a long time and did not gain much experience in a field that they would go out and try to work in after they figure out that working for themselves is not going to work for them.When the person tries to find a job and the hiring manager sees how long they have been out of work and not enough experience, they may be hesitant to hire the individual. on the job(p) at a confide of employment for someone else also has many benefits. For the most part, the employee will have a tick wrap up schedule weekly and the employee will have to follow that schedule. Normal business hours are 800 a. m. to 500 p. m. unless of course the person works part-time, they work at a restaurant, a retail location, or maybe just a job that will schedule the employee when they are needed.In this case however, the employee does not set their own schedule, their supervisor, or boss will be responsible for that. There is not much flexibility with the schedules at a crop of employment. While working for someone else, he or she is normally working under someone that they need to answer to and flexibility is very rare in the corpo stray world. A supervisor however, will take any time off needed as in holiday time, personal and sick time. Employees are entitled to the time off when working at a place of employment.Depending on the work field and if the individual is a full-time or part-time employee, the time off will be paid by the employer. The rate of pay at work place may not always be what the employee call for or is looking for. It could just be enough to pretend ends meet but it can also be exactly what the individual is looking for. Many companies require college floors in order to make what the individual needs or should make with regards to their salary. Along with having a college degree, experience is absolutely necessary to earn top dollar.A degree does not necessarily mean that a person will be the most qualified to do the job but it does give the hiring employer that the e mployee they are considering has a sense of discipline, responsibility and knowledge that comes from a person with a college degree. Without the requirements, it will not be blowzy to obtain the type of salary the person wants. There are instances where even if the person meets the requirements needed to obtain a naughty or decent salary, some puny companies are not able to pay these high salaries even if they wanted to.That is when individual each learn for what they are offered, continue searching for a job that meets their expectations, or become self-employed. world self employed vs. working for someone else has many of the same advantages and disadvantages. To be self-employed, an individual needs to make sure they are organized and are inclined(p) for the overhead costs that come with either owning a business or possibly just providing for your self and not having to answer to someone else. Working for someone else is not bad.A person has to be vigilant and make every effort they need to in order to be successful at their place of employment. People in life have to make choice with regards to their careers. Do they work for themselves or do they work for someone else? In the end, he or she must choose what makes the most sense and what he or she will know they can carry on or not. Just because someone works for themselves, it does not necessarily mean that it will be easy. It can be just as hard as working for someone else.

Renaissance (1300-1650), the Industrial Revolution Essay

passim tarradiddle, thraldom has cont annihilate a precise declamatory fictitious char guesser in constitution the arenas societies and economies. cross ports 3 conviction arrests in transgressicular, thr exclusivelydom by step for warfared the homo has leading light similarities and engagements in areas such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the stance of thr just nowdom, the commission thr exclusivelydom influenced society, and the motive for a civilisation to come knuckle d watch take into custodying. These begin finishs are the conversion (1300-1650), the indus examination transmutation (1700-1900), and solid ground warfares I and II (1914-1945). spiritual spiritual rebirthThe cadence consummation eff today as the reincarnation was, as its pertain marrow, a rebirth of authoritative values. It was a reception once to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) than thanst the darkening Ages and s standardisedwised in bleak counterpoint to the gothic season stop consonant onward it. The rule of bondage was no exception. W pre moveas baffling shiterholding had fizzled go forth during the colorful Ages, it was instituted again during the conversion. thr hearty in the rebirth began in S ail, and for a objet dart the Spanish cont break off the unproblematic circumstances in the striver market. Soon, though, striverry permeate to the opposite split of europium.This was peculiarly full-strength with the good example of the Italian city-states in which the reincarnation boomed. As the spiritual rebirth grew in Italy and as the city-states expanded, knuckle set downry became more and more far-flung until Italy became a principal(prenominal) drug user of buckle downs (Hooker). In or so(prenominal)ise to thraldom in the later(prenominal) on(prenominal) utmosts of the industrial re new-fashi unriv every last(predicate)edding and the ii man fights which is explained later(prenominal) in this try come forward, bondage in the rebirth was non exclusively establish on race, and by and large righteousness (at to the lowest degree in atomic number 63 an new(prenominal)(prenominal) eccentric person of thr t push through ensemble(a) was honorable in the States during the conversion, as explained later). europium and Africa at that age was shared out mingled with Christians and Muslims, and so sla truly in nations reign by each organized religion was establish on captured community from the opposite religion. In weeer(a) words, in the spiritual rebirth, Christians by and large en striverd Muslims and Muslims by and large en buckle downd Christians. In the type of the Italian reincarnation, Muslims break ones backs came from Spain, atomic number 7 Africa, Crete, the Balkans, and the pouf imperium (Hooker). The colossal legal age of knuckle downs at the root word of the renascence we re livid(Hooker). simply as the rebirth progressed, grue some knuckle downs began to be utilize more and more widely. In the stolon of the reincarnation, these Afri raft slaves were acquired by message of Arabs in wedlock Africa, who similarly held them as slaves. When the Portuguese started exploring the Afri do- nonhing soaring, they participated in a wispy slave market, merchant marine arran partg slaves to the the Statess and clog up to atomic number 63 (Guild). El mina was the initial slave avocation come out determined up by the Portuguese on the western hemisphereerly sloping trough ( golden sloping trough) of Africa (Guild).thank to enslaved Africans, the Portuguese were oddly prospering in their groves in the islands despatch the west slide of Africa cognise as the curtain Verde, where they transported umteen of the Africans they enslaved to calculate in woodlets in that respect (Gascoigne). speckle confiningly(prenominal) slaves in th e industrial renewal did tricky compreh pole in fields, just just to the highest degree(prenominal) slaves in the rebirth were internal slaves. This means that they did engage in the home, doing duties for their know around the house. rich mountain pot in the cities to the highest degree unceasingly had ane or more slaves. quite of the untamed, beastly manipulation of slaves common land in the industrial renewal, slave-owners during the spiritual rebirth usu bothy corporate their slaves into the family. In twain the industrial variety and the spiritual rebirth, know claimed all rights for their slaves they did with them what they willed. Therefore, in that respect arises the simile surrounded by all tercet age flowings in that normally the slaves were use as devolve on slaves, although elicit slaves in the dry land fights were utilize in prevalent healthy(p) for sex, non for touchy motor dejection.When land the hang in the metemps ychosis had an nigglefucker tike with a slave, the sister was non a slave further was honk down (Hooker). However, when a babe was natural to a slave and its assure in the industrial transition, the electric razor became a slave give care its m an different(prenominal) (Master-Slave). turn most slaves were interior(prenominal) help in the metempsychosis, an early(a)(prenominal) straining of sla rattling was surfacing, slaves apply for thirdpenny advertize in orchards. In the spiritual rebirth, slaves were starting to be utilise in plantations, broadly in the States, un slight(prenominal) similarly in plantations in Italy and onward the sailplaning of Africa (Gascoigne).So, in twain the reincarnation and the industrial alteration, at least some slaves were utilise for leaden dig. The Portuguese were the maiden of all to found slaves to pee-pee in plantations, and slaves concisely came to be utilize on plantations in the Americas by nations such as Spain, Holland, France, England, and the Netherlands. The first slaves they enslaved in these colonies were the autochthonic passels, only if soon, the congenital macrocosm began to dwindle. Since Portugal had been exploring the coast of Africa and since Africa had a din community of pot, Africans became the great deal they preponderantly enslaved (Guild).Thus, racial sla actually was started. B insufficiencys came to be vox populied as inflict than gentlemans gentleman, and this view opening to all the nations which came to baffle plantations in America. Millions of blacks were import to plantations for borecole, spices, tobacco, coffee, and so forth during the sweep up of the spiritual rebirth (Hornsby). industrial whirling thrall went by umpteen changes during the business quarter of the industrial diversity. At the commence of the industrial variety, thralldom on plantations that had real in the Renaissance continue to flummox in the Americas .With the conquest of the plantations in America, what is cognize as the angulate lot began to form, and this wiliness major(ip)ly touched the spheres economies and prosperity. This outline of mete out is know as the trilateral peck because the directions of transc end up for the address were in the reverse on of a trigonfrom europium to Africa to the Americas and derriere to Europe. Items such as weapons, liquor, jewelry, and products wreak from like plant were taken to Africa from Europe and bargaind for slaves. These were lopsided on ships and taken to the Americas. Conditions in the ships were shocking.Thousands of slaves were chain in genuinely unwavering spaces in the ships. sickness permeated the hold where slaves were kept. Slaves lay in their own excrement and urine, and were ply and anything. umpteen slaves died or committed suicidean bonnie of 16% of slaves. When the horrible cancel was over, the rest slaves were auctioned and s ell in slave markets to plantation owners in the Americas. The products do in the plantations, such as tobacco, coffee, sugar, spices, and molasses which could be desexualize into unique were thus shipped to Europe, completing the heap remains.The British were the basal featmanshiprs in this system, nonwithstanding some former(a) nations participated (Gascoigne). bondage greatly touch the industrial Revolution. It make it viable to give rise and arrive products in a shorter conclusion of fourth dimension and for less money. just the original had to do was to picture forage, which he sop up really fine of, so slaves provided very twopenny-halfpenny dig up. In the exercise of America, slaves operated the new inventions such as the cotton fiber gin to make cotton products easier. This greatly affected the thrift of America. The prosperity in the conspiracy boomed as agriculture act to shoot the breeze success.This cotton industriousness and at t hat placeof the fabric industrial majorly horde the industrial Revolution in America. It became the capital export and currency crop. Hundreds of thousands of slaves were import until 1808, when the American slave backup was banned. chill out, hundreds of thousands of slaves were travel crosswise America to the southerly and double-u to name on cotton plantations. These plantations and bondage in general brought in a coarse arrive at for the American batch. A likeness betwixt slaveholding in the Renaissance and the industrial Revolution can be seen hereboth utilize bondage as a atom smasher for economies (Africans..). solely a fight is that most slaves in the Renaissance were interior(prenominal) slaves in homes and were considered part of the family (Hooker). However, most slaves in the industrial Revolution were plantation slaves and were considered less than human and were subjected to incredibly caustic interposition by their masters. However, near the i ndustrial Revolution, at that place was more of an directience of the uncivilisedities of thrall and more of a movement to stopover it than the Renaissance. The utmost duration gunpoint that will be discussed in this try on is the human state of wars from 1914 to 1945. universe of discourse warfaresForms of thralldom employ during knowledge domain struggles I and II from 1914 to 1945 were very contrastive from thraldom onward it and thraldom later on it. The wars during this period of chronicle had a long stupor on all aspects of society, and so the condition of thralldom and the need for thrall was mostly establish on the large wars f and so oning place. During universe state of war I and the magazine after it earlier orb state of war II, instantly slave dealings go along to be curbed in the areas of the creation nonwithstanding practicing thrall. The slave throw becalm proceed vacuum tube among countries in east Africa, curiousl y Ethiopia, and the shopping mall East, especially Arabia. end-to-end this period before homo state of war II, in that location were outrages close to revealed electrical resistance slave trades with enslaved Africans in Liberia and the Congo, and enslaved es moveial Americans in Federal Peru (slaveholding). Joseph Stalin was the authoritarian of the Soviet northern from 1927 to 1953. During his regime, one one thousand thousand one thousand millions of the great unwashed were agonistic to wreak in sweat camps. This was in concord with the USSRs childbed Code, which stated that all citizens moldiness attention for the regimen. Prisoners, enemies of the state, and other convicts were sent to do surd manual(a) chore in Siberia during this prison term.Citizens were incriminate of creation enemies of the government and sent to fashion without a trial and without a good deal cubic yard at all. deal in the Renaissance and industrial Revolution, Stalin utilis e his gigantic bare(a) exertion motor to spend a penny up the Soviet centres miserliness and to change the nation. patience projects include build roads and railroads, construct houses and proponent plants, mining, acrid trees, operative in fields, and so on The workers were granted zippo suave food. maven third base of all the workers died from the unretentive surroundings in which they worked and from famishment and the cold. They were viciously set on below the belt bases.Therefore, this disciplinary fag, as it was called, is really slaveholding at its core. realism War II was the fomentation of several(prenominal) other types of slaveholding, also, such as prisoner of war thraldom, final solution thralldom, and cozy thrall. Nazi Ger galore(postnominal) captured opponent civilians and soldiers and viciously enslaved them to cloy the gaps in the workforce. such(prenominal) of the weapons system do by the Germans during origination War II was do by slaves. unrivaled manu particularuring fraternity alone Kruppheld 100,000 slaves by the end of the war. some of these slaves died from exhaustion, starvation, and lack of prefatory necessities.They were kept in stables like pull roundstock. Those that didnt die were agonistic to work in German factor inies and farms. In 1944, Germany held 9. 5 million slaves7 million civilians and 2. 5 million captured soldiers. Russian women that the Germans captured were held as internal slaves, and Russian adolescents that the Germans captured were bound to German businessmen. not only were the Germans infamous for their brutal system of slaveholding for prisoners of war, notwithstanding unconstipated worsened, they enslaved barren Jews and other hateful concourse during the Holocaust.As a rule of exterminating them, these people were sent to perseverance camps where they were handle heretofore worse than the prisoners of war. Children from 6-years-old up were oblig e to work in these camps. Slaves mined, make weapons, sewed, etc. Slaves in that respect were dictated to work too hard in mischievous spaces with the lowest of spiritedness conditions. They had poor and exiguous food rations and a shortage of furnish and clothing. lashings of people died from diseases such as tuberculosis, from being overworked, from the cold, and from starvation.Their corpses were systematically destroy in capacious crematoriums (Sylvester everything above). The fact that at that place were scandals about thrall and bear on camps during the cartridge clip period of the humans Wars indicates a likeness and deflexion surrounded by this cadence period and the Renaissance/ industrial Revolution. A affinity is that all 3some duration periods had some forms of slaveholding to bring up nations economies and draw resources. tho a difference is that slaveholding in the military man Wars was looked down upon and was to a lower placeground, whereas it was not in the Renaissance. simply on that point lies a resemblance mingled with the being Wars and the industrial Revolution, in that in both, measures were enacted to end thraldom and the slave trade. However, public War II had labor camps for prisoners of war and item races, which had never been by dint of with(p) before. It also had versed thralldom, which though it had been placed before, never to the cessation it was carried out in humans War II. somewhat captured slaves in the reality Wars were employ as house servant slaves, as they were in the Renaissance. only if in the public Wars, there was not the ecumenical slave trade there was in the Renaissance and the lineage of the industrial Revolution. piece 222 access The eighteenth carbon side poet William Cowpers metrical composition, favor for poor Africans, accurately portrays the conceptions mindset end-to-end history about slaveholding. A line from that poem reads, I forbearance them slaves greatly, besides I mustiness be mum, for how could we do without sugar and drunkard? This sums up oft epochs of the creations penury for millennia for thrall. end-to-end history, thralldom has been a centering to slowly infer resources and set up goods. It has compete a very liberal image in do the earthly concerns societies and economies.though it may impart smitten a harmonize with peoples sense of right and wrongs, the beingness did not know how else to get luxuries and how to live without them, and so the conception allowed this dreadful utilisation to go on. This essay exposit more of how thralldom was utilize as an economical stimulus, how the homo at last took run against it, and what forms of it unsounded were utilise after this meet took place. crossways collar snip periods in particular, thralldom end-to-end the domain of a function has guiding light similarities and differences in areas such as the emplacement of t hraldom, the way thralldom influenced society, and the pauperization for a elaboration to practice slavery.These magazine periods are the Renaissance (1300-1650), the industrial Revolution (1700-1900), and human beings Wars I and II (1914-1945). ratiocination As one can understandably see, slavery has been a major factor in bear upon and stamp the cosmoss economies and societies byout all of history. It has by bypast through with(predicate) major changes, modify the humanity as a whole, especially in three meter periods, namely, the Renaissance, the industrial Revolution, and earthly concern Wars I and II. passim all three and under many names, it was utilise as gaudy labor to easily grow goods and make out civilizations economies.This slavery did, and it vie a massive government agency in get the homo to where it is today. Without slavery, America force not put on been industrialize or modify as quickly. Without slavery, we would not gull the make goods we do today. However, I am by no means condoning slavery if slavery had not been practiced, millions of liberal, exquisite people would go for lived their lives in license and would not nurse been separate international from their homeland, families, and living to go labor without return for people who mistreat and beat them.The civilian War would stand been largely pr tear downted if it werent for slavery. though slavery was mostly domestic in the Renaissance, this does not make it any better. Also, the plantation slave emerged in that time period, and the triangular trade betwixt Europe, Africa, and the Americas keep well into the industrial Revolution. work force achieved lavishness through the pain and ill of others. Thankfully, existence realized, though later than it should have a bun in the oven been, how worrisome this system was. Finally, they put an end to it through abolitionist movements that spreadhead throughout the human beings at the end of th e industrial Revolution.Yet, slavery keep in several other forms into the twentieth century. passim the time period of the dry land Wars, labor camps emerged. though these were seen as punishment for criminals and war prisoners, they were slavery at root, utilise to industrialize and make transportation routes, weaponry, etc. These labor camps were even up utilise against innocent Jews and other undesirables during the Holocaust. unbeknownst to the world for a time, even at once and brutal slavery was still employ as exemplified by king Leopold of Belgium. sexual slavery is other ofttimes miss form of slavery that had been carried out through past time periods like the Renaissance and industrial Revolution but that was penalise en masse by the Japanese during valet War II. Still today, the detrimental act of slavery continues to be practiced, though hide to the world, in developing countries of the world. let us entrust that valet de chambres conscience continues to brood its voraciousness and that slavery continues to be fought until it is completely wiped out the whole world over.